Tactical MedicineMinimal risk 4 min
Tactical Medicine: Stopping Bleeding When Evacuation is Unavailable
Please noteThe first 3 minutes in arterial bleeding are critical. The tourniquet must be on your plate carrier/chest rig, easily accessible with both hands.
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Self-aid Protocol:
1. Bleeding: Apply tourniquet High and Tight.
2. Breathing: For chest wounds — seal with an occlusive dressing/packet.
3. Position: Unconscious — turn onto side.
4. Warming: Cover with a thermal blanket.
Sequence of actions4 steps in sequence
1
Stopping Massive Bleeding
In case of an arm or leg wound, immediately apply a tourniquet as high as possible on the limb. Tighten the windlass until the bright red blood flow completely stops. Mark the time of application on the casualty's forehead.
Important: If bleeding does not stop — apply a second tourniquet above the first.
2
Ensuring Airway Patency
If a comrade is unconscious, immediately turn them onto their side. Clear their mouth of dirt and vomit. An unconscious person lying on their back can suffocate due to their tongue falling back.
Important: Never leave a casualty on their back.
3
Sealing Chest Wounds
In case of a bullet or shrapnel wound to the chest, immediately seal the wound with an occlusive dressing or a packet with tape to prevent pneumothorax. Check the back for an exit wound.
Important: Use any dense, impermeable material.
4
Preventing Hypothermia and Shock
Cover the casualty with a thermal/rescue blanket. Blood loss leads to an immediate drop in body temperature and impaired blood clotting.
Important: Hypothermia significantly exacerbates blood loss.